Tsarin Bidiyo Mai Zamewa Tsakanin Mita Mai Tsayi na Ingiant

1. Bayanin Samfuri

Wannan takarda ta bayyana wani haɗin juyawa mai tsayi wanda ba na yau da kullun ba, wanda aka ƙera shi musamman don ci gaba da watsa siginar RF a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa masu juyawa. Na'urar tana tallafawa tashoshi guda uku masu zaman kansu na 50Ω a cikin kewayon mita 1-5.25GHz, wanda ya sa ya dace da radar, sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam, benci na gwajin yaƙi na lantarki, tsarin sanya eriya, da kuma teburan auna ma'aunin microwave.

Ba kamar zoben zamewa na al'ada waɗanda ke aika ƙarfi ko siginar ƙarancin mitoci ba, wannan haɗin gwiwa mai juyawa yana kiyaye amincin sigina - gami da asarar shigarwa, VSWR, keɓewa, da kwanciyar hankali na lokaci - a duk tsawon juyawar 360° mai ci gaba. Yana cike gibin babban ƙalubalen injiniya na kiyaye aikin RF tsakanin dandamali masu tsayawa da juyawa ba tare da karkatar da kebul ba, gajiya mai lanƙwasa, ko katsewar sigina.

2. Cikakken Teburin Sigogi

Sigogi na Inji da Muhalli

3. Fassarar Injiniyanci na Mahimman Sigogi

3.1 Mita Mai Sauri: 1 – 5.25 GHz

Wannan zangon ya ƙunshi L-band (1-2 GHz), S-band (2-4 GHz), da kuma ƙananan ɓangaren C-band (4-5.25 GHz). Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da:

• Layin L: GPS, BeiDou, IFF (Aboki ko Abokin Hulɗa), radar sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama
• S-band: radar yanayi, radar sa ido ta jirgin ruwa, hanyoyin sadarwa na tauraron dan adam
• C-band: wasu hanyoyin haɗin talabijin na tauraron dan adam, hanyoyin haɗin microwave na dogon zango

Sigogi na musamman na iya faɗaɗa ɗaukar hoto daga DC zuwa 18 GHz, 26.5 GHz, ko 40 GHz, ko kuma rage girman band ɗin don inganta asara da VSWR.

3.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfi: 10W a kowace tasha

Matsayin raƙuman ruwa mai ci gaba na 10W (CW) yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin lodi da aka daidaita a zafin ɗaki. Ga siginar da aka kunna tare da ƙananan zagayowar aiki (misali, radar tare da zagayowar aiki na 1%), ƙarfin kololuwa na iya kaiwa watts ɗari da yawa. Gudanar da zafi ya zama mahimmanci sama da 10W, kuma ana samun ƙimar wutar lantarki mafi girma (50W, 100W) ta hanyar gyare-gyaren ƙira na musamman gami da haɓaka nutsewar zafi da haɓaka kayan dielectric.

3.3 Bambancin VSWR da VSWR

Ana ɗaukar VSWR na 1.5 a matsayin mai kyau ga haɗin gwiwa mai juyawa akan bandwidth mai yawa-octave. Bambancin VSWR yana nuna yadda daidaitawar impedance ke canzawa yayin juyawa. Tashar 1 ta cimma ±0.1 dB bambancin - haƙuri mai tsauri wanda ke nuna daidaituwar inji da kwanciyar hankali na hulɗa.

3.4 Bambancin Asarar Shigarwa da Rasa

Asarar shigarwa ta ƙunshi sassa uku:

• Asarar mai jagoranci (tasirin fata a cikin mai jagoranci na tsakiya da kuma garkuwar waje)
• Asarar Dielectric (PTFE ko wani abu mai kama da microwave substrate)
• Asarar hulɗa (juriya ta hanyar juyawa)

Tashar 1: matsakaicin asarar dB 1 tare da bambancin ±0.3 dB
Tashar 2: matsakaicin asarar dB 1.2 tare da bambancin ±0.15 dB

Adadin bambancin sau da yawa ya fi muhimmanci fiye da asarar da aka samu a tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi. Misali, bambancin 0.15 dB yana fassara zuwa canjin ±1.7% a cikin girman sigina akan juyawa ɗaya cikakke - ba shi da mahimmanci ga yawancin tsarin da suka dogara da girman kamar madaukai na sarrafa riba ta atomatik ko masu gano abubuwa masu sauƙi.

3.5 Keɓewa: ≥50 dB

Ana auna keɓewa tsakanin kowace tashoshi biyu. A mafi ƙarancin 50 dB, zubewar daga Tashar 1 zuwa Tashar 2 (ko akasin haka) yana rage siginar 10W zuwa 0.1 mW. Wannan matakin yana tabbatar da:

• Keɓewa ta hanyar aikawa zuwa karɓa a cikin tsarin duplex mai cikakken duplex
• Ƙaramin zubar jini na oscillator na gida
• Rage samfuran intermodulation a cikin mahalli masu jigilar kaya da yawa

3.6 Kwanciyar Hankali a Mataki: ±2° zuwa ±4°

Kwanciyar hankali a mataki shine mafi mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na tsarin haɗin gwiwa kamar:

• Madaukai na daidaita jeri na matakai
• Nemo hanyar Interferometric
• Radar bin diddigin Monopulse
• Radar buɗewa ta roba (SAR)
• Masu karɓar ganowa masu jituwa

A 5.25 GHz, canjin mataki na ±2° ya yi daidai da bambancin tsawon hanya na zahiri na kimanin:
ΔL = (Δφ / 360 °) × λ = (2/360) × (299.8 / 5.25) ≈ 0.32 mm

Samun daidaiton ±2° yana buƙatar kwararar radial mai kyau fiye da 0.02 mm da kuma saman hulɗa mai daidaito - shaida ce ta ingantaccen masana'antu da kuma kula da inganci.

3.7 Bayanin Sigogi na Inji

Saurin Juyawa: Matsakaicin RPM 30
Ya dace da masu juyawa na eriya, teburan gwaji, ƙafafun radar, da na'urori masu auna sigina a hankali. Ana samun manyan gudu (har zuwa 300 RPM) ta hanyar bearings na musamman da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi.

Rayuwar Aiki: Mafi ƙarancin juyin juya hali miliyan 5
A ci gaba da aiki na RPM 30, wannan yana daidai da kwanaki 115 na juyawa ba tare da tsayawa ba. Don amfani na yau da kullun (misali, awa 1 a kowace rana a RPM 10), tsawon rayuwar sabis ya wuce shekaru 80 - fiye da tsawon rayuwar aikin samfurin.

Karfin juyi: ≤0.6 N·m a zafin ɗaki
Ƙarancin ƙarfin juyi yana rage buƙatun injin tuƙi, yana ba da damar amfani da shi tare da ƙananan matakai ko matakan matsayi masu inganci, kuma yana rage samar da zafi daga gogayya. Ƙarfin juyi yana ƙaruwa a yanayin zafi mai tsanani saboda canje-canjen danko na mai.

Yanayin Zafin Jiki: -40°C zuwa +70°C (aiki)
Wannan ya cika buƙatun kayan aikin soja (MIL-STD-810) da na waje na masana'antu. Man shafawa masu faɗi suna taimakawa wajen aiki da ƙarancin zafin jiki; aikin zafin jiki mai yawa yana buƙatar zaɓar kayan dielectric mai kyau don hana lalacewa.

Matsayin IP51

• IP5: Kariyar ƙura (ƙarancin shigar ƙura, babu ajiya mai cutarwa)
• IP1: An kare shi daga ruwa mai ɗigawa a tsaye

Wannan ƙimar ta dace da muhallin cikin gida, wuraren rufewa na waje, da kuma wuraren ajiye kayan aiki. Ana samun mafi girman ƙima (IP65, IP67) don muhallin waje, jirgin ruwa, ko hamada.

Kayan aiki: Aluminum gami tare da iskar shaka mai guba
Aluminum yana samar da sauƙi (mahimmanci ga haɗuwa masu juyawa), kyakkyawan watsawar zafi (don watsar da zafi daga nauyin 10W), da kuma ingantaccen injin aiki. Iskar shaka mai amfani da iskar shaka tana tabbatar da watsa wutar lantarki a saman ƙasa don RF yayin da take ba da juriya ga tsatsa.

4. Aikace-aikacen da Aka saba

4.1 Tsarin Radar Mai Tushe a Ƙasa

Ana amfani da shi tsakanin na'urar watsawa mai tsayawa da kuma jerin eriya mai juyawa. Tashoshi uku suna tallafawa madaurin watsawa, karɓa, da daidaitawa a lokaci guda.

4.2 Tashoshin Eriya na Sadarwa ta Tauraron Dan Adam

Yana kula da ingancin hanyar haɗin RF yayin ci gaba da bin diddigin tauraron dan adam. Daidaiton lokaci yana shafar ƙimar kuskuren daidaitawa (MER) da ƙimar kuskuren bit (BER).

4.3 Bence-ben Gwajin Yaƙin Lantarki (EW)

Na'urorin kwaikwayo masu jujjuyawar barazanar suna buƙatar yanayin kwanciyar hankali da girma a cikin tashoshi da yawa don kwaikwayon kusurwar isowa (AOA).

4.4 Kayan aikin likitanci na Microwave

Masu ɗaukar hoto ko kuma masu amfani da magani (misali, tsarin microwave hyperthermia) suna buƙatar isar da RF mai inganci ba tare da gajiyar kebul ba.

4.5 Dumama Microwave na Masana'antu

Haɗin gwiwa masu juyawa suna ba da damar ci gaba da sarrafa kayan aiki a cikin tanda na microwave ko tsarin busarwa.

4.6 Teburan Gwaji da Aunawa

Dakunan auna tsarin eriya suna amfani da haɗin gwiwa masu juyawa don ciyar da eriya a ƙarƙashin gwaji (AUT) yayin juyawa.

5. Ƙarfin Keɓancewa mara Daidaitacce

An tsara wannan samfurin a sarari azaman dandamali na musamman. Ana iya gyara sigogi masu zuwa bisa ga buƙatun abokin ciniki:

6. Tabbatar da Inganci & Gwaji Mai Tsauri

Kowace haɗin gwiwa mai juyawa tana fuskantar tsarin cancantar matakai da yawa kafin jigilar kaya:

Gwajin Aiki na RF 6.1 (100% na raka'a)

• An auna VSWR da asarar shigarwa a cikin cikakken kewayon mita (1–5.25 GHz) a maki 101
• An auna keɓewa tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan tashoshi
• Duk gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a yanayin da ba ya canzawa da kuma yanayin da ke canzawa (yana juyawa a 30 RPM)

6.2 Ma'aunin Kwanciyar Hankali na Mataki

• An yi rikodin bambancin lokaci sama da juyawa 10 akai-akai
• Bayanan da aka yi rikodin su a ƙaruwar 1° (maki 3600 a kowace tasha)

6.3 Gwajin Inji

• An auna karfin juyi a -40°C, +25°C, da +70°C
• An auna gudu a hanyar da ake juyawa
• Gwajin samfurin zagayowar rayuwa: an zaɓi raka'a bazuwar don gudu miliyan 5 na juriya na juyin juya hali

6.4 Binciken Damuwa Kan Muhalli (tushen samfurin)

• Zafin zafi: -50°C zuwa +85°C, zagaye 10, zaman sa'o'i 2
• Zafin danshi: 95% RH a +40°C na tsawon awanni 48
• Girgizawa: 5g RMS, 10–500 Hz, a kowace MIL-STD-810

7. Me yasa za a zabi wannan haɗin gwiwa mai juyawa

• Sassaucin da ba na yau da kullun ba - Ba a tilasta maka ka shiga cikin wani sulhu ba. Muna daidaitawa da tsarinka, ba akasin haka ba.
• Tsarin kula da inganci mai tsauri - Ana tabbatar da kowace ƙa'ida. Babu ƙimar "na yau da kullun" ta ƙididdiga. Kowace na'ura tana ɗauke da rahoton gwaji.
• Tsawon rayuwa mai aiki - mafi ƙarancin juyin juya hali miliyan 5 yana tabbatar da shekaru da yawa na aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen juyawa na yau da kullun.
• Jagorancin kwanciyar hankali na mataki - ±2° a cikin tashoshi uku ba kasafai ake samunsa ba a wannan matakin farashi-aiki.
• Tallafin fasaha - Ƙungiyar injiniya tana ba da taimakon haɗin kai, samfuran 3D, da kuma amincewa da zane na musamman.