Aikin zoben zamewa shine magance matsalar naɗewa. Yana iya juyawa 360° don hana wayoyi juyawa da mannewa. Akwai rotors da stators, wanda shine don kiyaye wutar lantarki tana gudana lokacin da injin lantarki ke juyawa. Idan babu zoben zamewa, yana iya juyawa ne kawai a kusurwa mai iyaka. Tare da zoben zamewa, yana iya juyawa 360°. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa kansa, don haka ana kiran zoben zamewa da haɗin gwiwa, zoben zamewa na yanzu kyauta, hinges na lantarki, da sauransu. Akwai sunaye da yawa, kuma masana'antu daban-daban suna da sunaye daban-daban.
Zoben zamewa na huhu zoben zamewa ne na pneumatic zobe ne na pneumatic, zoben zamewa na hydraulic zoben zamewa ne na hydraulic, na pneumatic da na hydraulic duka zoben zamewa ne na ruwa.
Nau'ikan zoben zamewa na zare na gani sun haɗa da sulke na ƙarfe da sulke, da sauransu. Manyan fasaloli sune kamar haka:
1. Adadin tashoshi - a halin yanzu zoben zamewa na fiber na gani zai iya isa ga tashoshi da dama daga tasha 1.
2. Tsawon tsayin aiki - haske mai gani, hasken infrared. 1310, 1290, 1350, 850, 1550, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sune 1310 da 1550.
3. Nau'in zare na gani: Nau'in zare na gani ya haɗa da fim ɗaya da fim ɗaya. Nau'in zare na gani ya haɗa da 9v125, kuma nisan watsa fim ɗaya gabaɗaya kilomita 20 ne. Nau'in zare na gani ya haɗa da 50v125 62.5v125, kuma nisan watsa fim ɗaya gabaɗaya kilomita 1 ne. (9v125: 9: diamita na hasken tsakiya, v: mita v, 125: diamita na waje mai hana haske) Asarar watsa fim ɗaya kilomita 1 = asarar 1dB, kuma asarar watsa fim ɗaya daidai take da 1 km = 10/20dB. Ana amfani da zare na gani ...
4. Nau'in mahaɗi: Akwai nau'ikan mahaɗi da yawa, kamar FC, SC, ST da LC. An raba nau'in FC zuwa PC, APC da LPC. Ana amfani da hanyar haɗin PC akai-akai, kuma ana amfani da APC da LPC ne kawai a lokuta na musamman na asarar dawowa. PC haɗin giciye ne na al'ada tare da haɗin kai mai faɗi. APC da LPC duka lambobin sadarwa ne masu chamfered. Girman chamfer na LPC ya bambanta. FC mahaɗi ne mai zare da aka yi da ƙarfe. ST mahaɗi ne mai kama da ƙarfe. SC da LC duka matosai ne na filastik madaidaiciya. SC yana da babban kan filastik kuma LC yana da ƙaramin kan filastik. Ana amfani da fiber na gani galibi a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa.
5. Saurin juyawa, yanayin aiki, zafin jiki da danshi.
Fiber na gani yana cikin watsa bayanai na gida.
Haɗin RF mai juyawa yawanci yana nufin mitoci sama da 300 MHz. Haɗin juyawa yana cikin watsa bayanai na nesa mai nisa. Haɗin RF mai juyawa da zare na gani ba za a iya amfani da su a lokaci guda ba. Haɗin RF mai juyawa da zoben zamewa na lantarki za a iya amfani da su a lokaci guda.
Haɗin RF mai juyawa an raba shi zuwa haɗin coaxial da haɗin jagora na wave. Haɗin coaxial watsawa ne ta hanyar sadarwa tare da kewayon mita mai faɗi, wanda zai iya isa DC-50G, gabaɗaya DC-5G, kuma aƙalla DC-3G. Haɗin jagora na wave ba sa hulɗa, tare da madaurin wucewa (ƙimar wucewar samarwa), gabaɗaya 1.4-1.6, 2.3-2.5. Hakanan kuna buƙatar fahimtar adadin tashoshi, kewayon mita, gudu, yanayin aiki, zafin jiki da danshi. Feshin gishiri, da sauransu. A halin yanzu, aikace-aikacen da aka fi amfani da su sune tashar tashoshi ɗaya da tashar tashoshi biyu, kuma wani lokacin tashar tashoshi 3 da tashar tashoshi 4. Har ma tashar tashoshi 5. Farashin tashar tashoshi 3, tashar tashoshi 4 da tashar tashoshi 5 yana da tsada sosai.
1. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Aiki - Kowace zobe mai zamewa tana da ƙarfin aiki mai ƙima a kowace madauki da ake amfani da ita, amma ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima na zoben zamewa galibi yana iyakance ne da girman kayan rufi da sararin samaniya. Wuce ƙarfin lantarki na samfurin ƙira mai ƙima na iya haifar da rashin isasshen rufi, lalacewar ciki, har ma da ƙonewa.
2. Na'urar Wutar Lantarki Mai Kyau-Ainihin sassan zoben zamewa sune zoben da kayan haɗin goga. Yankin hulɗa da kuma na'urar sadarwa suna ƙayyade matsakaicin wutar lantarki da zoben zamewa mai aiki zai iya ɗauka. Idan aka wuce ƙimar wutar lantarki mai aiki, zafin jiki a wurin hulɗa zai tashi da ƙarfi, wanda zai sa iskar da ke wurin hulɗa ta faɗaɗa kuma ta sa wurin hulɗa ya rabu ya kuma yi amfani da iskar gas. A cikin yanayi masu sauƙi, haɗin zai kasance a tsaka-tsaki, kuma a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, zoben zamewa mai gudanarwa zai lalace gaba ɗaya kuma ya lalace.
3. Juriyar Rufi - Juriyar watsawa tsakanin kowace zobe ɗaya na zoben zamewa mai madauki da sauran zobba da kuma harsashin waje. Ƙarancin juriyar rufewa zai haifar da tsangwama, kurakurai a bit, magana ta crosstalk, da sauransu yayin watsa siginar sarrafawa, kuma tartsatsin wuta da hauhawar zafin jiki za su faru a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki.
4. Ƙarfin rufi - ikon abubuwan rufi da kayan rufi a cikin zoben zamewa don jure wa ƙarfin lantarki. Gabaɗaya, ga masu rufi, mafi kyawun aikin rufi, ƙarfin juriyar wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa.
5. Juriyar hulɗa - wata alama ce da ke bayyana amincin hulɗar zoben zamewa mai sarrafawa. Girman juriyar hulɗar ya dogara ne da haɗin gogayya na hulɗar, nau'in kayan aiki, matsin lamba na hulɗar, ƙarewar saman hulɗar, da sauransu.
6. Juriyar hulɗa mai ƙarfi - canjin yanayin juriya tsakanin rotor da stator a cikin hanya ɗaya ta zoben zamewa mai ƙarfi lokacin da zoben zamewa mai ƙarfi yana cikin yanayin aiki.
7. Rayuwar zoben zamewa - Lokaci daga farkon zoben zamewa zuwa gazawar kowace madauri na zoben zamewa.
8. Saurin da aka ƙima - yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da nau'in haɗin gwiwa na hulɗa, hankali na tsari, daidaiton sarrafawa da masana'antu, daidaiton haɗuwa, da sauransu.
9. Aikin kariya - Dangane da yanayin amfani da abokin ciniki, za a buƙaci buƙatun hana ruwa shiga, hana fashewa, ƙarancin matsin lamba mai yawa, da sauransu. Matsayin kariyar samfurinmu zai iya kaiwa har zuwa IP68, kuma akwai kuma zoben zamewa mai hana fashewa. A halin yanzu, mu kaɗai ne masana'antar zoben zamewa mai sarrafa kansa a China da ta sami takardar shaidar hana fashewa.
Siginar Analog: Kayayyakinmu na iya wucewa da siginar analog mai ƙarancin mita, raƙuman sine tare da mitoci ƙasa da 20MHz/s, da raƙuman murabba'i tare da mitoci ƙasa da 10MHz/s. Bayan sarrafawa ta musamman, zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 300MHz/s. Crosstalk shine matakin haɗin siginar, a cikin dB. Mafi girman rabon sigina zuwa hayaniyar na'urar, ƙarancin hayaniyar da take samarwa. Haɗin kai na 20dB yayi daidai da rabon sigina zuwa hayaniyar 1%, 40dB yayi daidai da rabon sigina zuwa hayaniyar 10%, kuma 60dB yayi daidai da rabon sigina zuwa hayaniyar 10-000.
Siginar dijital: Wani nau'in raƙuman murabba'i ne. Kayayyakinmu na iya wucewa da siginar dijital tare da ƙimar bit na 100M. Matsakaicin asarar fakiti: Matsakaicin asarar fakitin bayanai shine sassa 5 a kowace miliyan, 5PPM. Sadarwa ta lokaci-lokaci ita ce sadarwa ta serial, SDI, ba tare da jinkiri ba, 20MHz/s. Sadarwa ta jinkiri ita ce sadarwa ta tambayoyi ta cikakken duplex, sadarwa mai layi ɗaya, tare da jinkiri, ƙimar bit na 100M.
Siffar impedance na 75 ohms ita ce bidiyon analog, gami da tsarin PAL da watsa shirye-shirye. Siffar impedance na 50 ohms ita ce tsarin bidiyo na dijital LVDS, wanda yake ƙaramin bambanci ne na babban gudu, kuma ana iya samun ma'aurata masu juyawa. Ana amfani da coaxial a cikin 20MHz, kuma ana amfani da haɗin gwiwa sama da 200MHz.
Siginar aiki: siginar da aka samar ta hanyar wutar lantarki, tare da ƙarfin hana tsangwama, kamar siginar canzawa
Siginar wucewa: rauni wajen hana tsangwama, siginar da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki. Kamar nau'in K da nau'in T, juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa <800 digiri, suna cikin siginar ƙarfin lantarki, suna da saurin amsawa ga ƙarfin lantarki, kuma hanyar wayoyi tana samuwa ta ɗayan ɓangaren tare da kebul ko tashoshi na diyya. Juriyar Platinum juriya ce mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, <200 digiri, kuma tana da manyan buƙatu don juriya mai ƙarfi.
Ana iya samun watsa haske ta hanyar hanyar watsawa, hanyar haske da kuma hanyar haske. 9/125 yanayi ɗaya ne, tare da dogon nisan watsawa, ƙaramin raguwa da farashi mai yawa. 50/125 62.5/125 yanayi ne mai yawa, tare da ɗan gajeren nisa na watsawa, babban raguwa da ƙarancin farashi. Kowace hanyar haske na iya watsa sigina ko iko da yawa a ka'ida, ya danganta da ƙarfin daidaitawa da rage ƙarfin kayan aikin da ke kewaye. Hanya ɗaya ta watsa haske na iya cimma karɓa ɗaya da aikawa ɗaya. Yaɗa wutar lantarki <10 watts.
An haɓaka hanyar haɗin kyamara daga fasahar haɗin Channel. Dangane da fasahar haɗin Channel, ana ƙara wasu siginar sarrafa watsawa kuma an ayyana wasu ƙa'idodin watsawa masu alaƙa. Duk wani samfuri mai tambarin "Haɗin Kyamara" ana iya haɗa shi cikin sauƙi. Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Automation ta Amurka AIA ta keɓance shi, ta gyara shi kuma ta fitar da shi. Haɗin hanyar haɗin kyamara yana magance matsalar watsawa mai sauri.
Haɗin Kamara yana da tsari uku: Tushe, Matsakaici, da Cikakken. Ana amfani da su galibi don magance matsalar yawan watsa bayanai. Wannan yana ba da tsari da hanyoyin haɗi masu dacewa ga kyamarori masu saurin gudu daban-daban.
Tushe
Tushe yana ɗauke da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda 3 (guntu na Channel Link ya ƙunshi tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda 3), guntu na Channel Link guda 1, da kuma bayanan bidiyo na bit 24. Tushe ɗaya yana amfani da tashar haɗin kai ɗaya. Idan aka yi amfani da hanyoyin haɗin tushe guda biyu iri ɗaya, zai zama hanyar haɗin tushe biyu.
Matsakaicin saurin watsawa: 2.0Gb/S @ 85MHZ
Matsakaici
Matsakaici = Naúrar Haɗin Tashar 1 ta Tushe +1
Matsakaicin saurin watsawa: 4.8Gb/S @ 85MHZ
Cikakke
Cikakke = Naúrar asali ta Tushe 1 + Haɗin Tashar 2
Matsakaicin saurin watsawa: 5.4Gb/S @ 85MHZ
Kowa, za ku iya tsara girman tsayi mai sauƙi da kanku bisa ga hanyar da ke ƙasa, ku yi rikodin shi,
Zoben tagulla na 1A ~ 3A 1.2 ~ 1.5mm, (lokacin da buƙatar girman ya yi yawa, za ku iya shirya shi bisa ga layuka 1.2, lokacin da buƙatar girman bai yi yawa ba, za ku iya shirya shi bisa ga layuka 1.5, kuma lokacin da diamita na ciki ya wuce 80, za ku iya shirya shi bisa ga layuka 1.5)
5A, girman zoben tagulla 1.5mm
10A: zoben jan ƙarfe 2mm
20A: zoben jan ƙarfe 2.5mm
Sararin samaniya 1 ~ 1.2mm, ƙara 1mm ga kowace ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki 1000v
Adadin masu raba sarari: ƙara ƙarin mai raba sarari ɗaya a kowane zobe
Tsarin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa: ƙarfin lantarki x2+1000v
Juriyar Rufi: 5MΩ ko fiye a 220v (yawanci 500MΩ)
Na'urar Wutar Lantarki: Motar gargajiya mai matakai uku I=2P, gabaɗaya tana amfani da kashi 70% na ƙarfin da aka kimanta
Gudun layi: Yawanci 8-10m/s, magani na musamman zai iya kaiwa 15m/s
Sarrafa kayayyakin hana ruwa shiga da kuma halayen kayan gini:
Kayayyakin hana ruwa na matakin FF za su iya daidaitawa da yanayin ruwan sama na waje, kayan gini shine ƙarfe na carbon ko bakin ƙarfe tare da maganin taurare saman, rayuwa tana da alaƙa da saurin, abokan ciniki na iya maye gurbin kayan rufewa (hatimin mai na kwarangwal) da kansu.
Kayayyakin hana ruwa na matakin F za su iya daidaitawa ne kawai da fesawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kayan an yi su ne da ƙarfe na aluminum, kayan suna da laushi kaɗan.
Kayayyakin filastik da ake amfani da su a yanzu a cikin kayayyakin kamfanin sune tetrafluoroethylene da PPS. Tetrafluoroethylene yana da kayan sanda, waɗanda za a iya sarrafa su, amma yanayin zafi yana shafar shi sosai kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa. PPS yana da ƙananan nakasa da kuma kyakkyawan tauri. Abu ne mai kyau don ƙera allura, amma babu kayan sanda.
Siginar Bambancin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauƙi, yanayin watsa sigina da National Semiconductor ya gabatar a shekarar 1994, misali ne na matakin. Haɗin LVDS, wanda kuma aka sani da haɗin bas na RS-644, fasaha ce ta watsa bayanai da haɗin gwiwa wadda ta bayyana ne kawai a shekarun 1990. LVDS siginar bambancin ƙarfin lantarki ce mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Babban abin da ke cikin wannan fasaha shine amfani da ƙaramin juyawar ƙarfin lantarki don watsa bayanai a babban gudu daban-daban. Yana iya cimma haɗin maki-zuwa-maki ko maki-zuwa-maki da yawa. Yana da halaye na ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙarancin kuskuren bit, ƙarancin magana da ƙarancin radiation. Matsakaicin watsawarsa na iya zama haɗin PCB na jan ƙarfe ko kebul mai daidaitawa. An ƙara amfani da LVDS sosai a cikin tsarin da ke da manyan buƙatu don amincin sigina, ƙarancin jitter da halayen yanayin gama gari.
Yawanci, bayanai ana wakilta su a cikin binary, +5V yayi daidai da dabaru "1", 0V yayi daidai da dabaru "0", wanda ake kira TTL (Tsarin siginar Transistor-Transistor Logic Level), wanda shine fasaha ta yau da kullun don sadarwa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na na'urar da mai sarrafa kwamfuta ke sarrafawa.
Haɗin kyamara yanayin watsawa ne mai matuƙar inganci. An haɓaka shi daga fasahar haɗin Channel. Ana ƙara wasu siginar sarrafa watsawa bisa ga fasahar haɗin Channel, kuma an ayyana wasu ƙa'idodin watsawa masu alaƙa. Tsarin haɗin Intanet: Haɗin Kamara yana da tsari uku: Tushe, Matsakaici, da Cikakke. Yana magance matsalar yawan watsa bayanai, wanda ke ba da tsari mai dacewa da hanyoyin haɗi ga kyamarori masu saurin gudu daban-daban.
SDI (serial digital interface) "serial component serial interface" ne. HD-SDI wani babban tsari ne na kayan dijital. HD-SDI kyamarar watsa shirye-shirye ce ta gaske, wacce ba ta da matsi, kuma mai inganci. Ta dogara ne akan tsarin haɗin SMPTE (Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers) kuma tana watsa bidiyon dijital mara matsi ta hanyar kebul na coaxial na 75-ohm. Ana iya raba hanyoyin haɗin SDI zuwa SD-SDI (270Mbps, SMPTE259M), HD-SDI (1.485Gbps, SMPTE292M), da 3G-SDI (2.97Gbps, SMPTE424M).
Na'ura ce da ke canza siginar lantarki ko bayanai zuwa siginar sigina wadda za a iya amfani da ita don sadarwa, watsawa da adanawa. Ana iya raba masu shigar da bayanai zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga ƙa'idar aikinsu: masu shigar da bayanai masu ƙaruwa da masu shigar da bayanai masu cikakken ƙarfi. Dangane da halayensu, ana iya raba su zuwa masu shigar da bayanai masu ƙarfin haske da masu shigar da bayanai masu ƙarfin haske.
Firikwensin da aka sanya a kan injin servo don auna matsayin sandar maganadisu da kusurwar juyawa da saurin injin servo. Dangane da yanayin zahiri, ana iya raba masu shigar da motar servo zuwa masu shigar da hoto da masu shigar da magnetoelectric. Bugu da ƙari, mai canza wutar lantarki mai juyawa shima mai shigar da servo ne na musamman.
Dandalin gani na optoelectronic samfurin kariya ne na bidiyo mai hankali wanda ke haɗa haske, injina, wutar lantarki, da hotuna. Ana iya sanye shi da na'urori masu auna zafi iri-iri, gami da hotunan zafi, haske mai gani, ruwan tabarau na telephoto mai inganci, hasken laser da kewayon haske, kuma yana iya cimma sa ido na awanni 24 a duk lokacin yanayi da kuma gargaɗi da wuri. Samfurin yana da ayyuka kamar tsarin daidaita hotuna, bin diddigin bayanai, sanyawa da rarraba bayanai, da kuma nazarin haɗa bayanai. Ana amfani da shi galibi a cikin kula da kan iyakoki na ƙasa, manyan rigakafin tsaro, bincike da ceto daga ta'addanci, hana fasa kwastam da hana miyagun ƙwayoyi, sa ido kan jiragen ruwa na tsibirai, leƙen asiri, hana gobarar daji, filayen jirgin sama, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya, filayen mai, gidajen tarihi, da sauransu.
Motar da ake sarrafawa daga nesa ko robot ɗin ƙarƙashin ruwa
Radar kalma ce ta Turanci da aka fassara ta Radar, wacce ke nufin "gano rediyo da kuma rarrabawa", wato, amfani da hanyoyin rediyo don gano abubuwan da ake nufi da kuma tantance matsayin sararin samaniyarsu. Saboda haka, ana kiran radar da "matsayin rediyo". Radar wata na'ura ce ta lantarki da ke amfani da raƙuman lantarki don gano abubuwan da ake nufi. Radar tana fitar da raƙuman lantarki don haskaka abin da ake nufi kuma tana karɓar sautinta, ta haka tana samun bayanai kamar nisan da ke tsakanin abin da ake nufi zuwa wurin fitar da raƙuman lantarki, saurin canjin nisa (gudun radial), azimuth, da tsayi.
Radar ya haɗa da: radar gargaɗi da wuri, radar bincike da gargaɗi, radar gano tsayin rediyo, radar yanayi, radar sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, radar jagora, radar mai nufin bindiga, radar sa ido a fagen daga, radar katsewar jiragen sama, radar kewayawa, da gujewa karo da radar gano aboki ko maƙiyi.